Russia's Ukraine War Heightens Worries that a Splinternet Could Replace Today's.

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März 4, 2022 at 2:05 am #1452733 Reply

rositafenstermac

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What’s happening
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is accelerating the national fragmentation of the internet’s foundations and services, an idea called the splinternet. 
Why it matters
The splinternet makes it harder for individuals, companies and others to use the internet, undermining the most powerful communication tool humanity has invented. 

What’s next
Political and social pressure could further isolate ordinary Russians trying to use the internet, though an outright severing of Russia’s internet access appears unlikely. 

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is creating new cracks in the world-spanning foundation of the internet. Since Feb. 25, the day after Russia began an assault on its neighbor, Moscow has made it harder for citizens to . Separately, have limited access to in the European Union at the request of governments in the 27-country bloc. Russia has also exercised the power of its , which President Vladimir Putin signed in 2019. The law is designed to help the Russian internet survive any Western attempt to cut it off, but it also centralizes state network control so that the government can take actions like censoring sites or . The increasing fragmentation of the internet, a phenomenon commonly called the „splinternet,“ reflects the differences in how countries treat both low-level technology that shuttles data around the planet and higher-level applications, such as search engines and messaging apps. Increasingly, a patchwork of differing national rules threatens to cripple one of the most powerful means of connection and communication that humanity has created. If the splinternet trend continues, the internet will be replaced by „a bunch of national islands that are sometimes connected to other places,“ said Andrew Sullivan, chief executive of the , a nonprofit seeking to promote an open, global, secure and trustworthy Internet. Overall, the internet still works as originally designed, an interlinked collection that now includes more than 32,000 smaller networks run by entities like internet service providers, tech giants, universities and governments. Technology standards govern how your emails and Instagram photos traverse these networks, hopping across routers and switches linked by fiber optic lines, radio links and copper cables. The technologists who invented the internet and created many of its most influential companies have fought fragmentation for years. For example, the , the , the Internet Engineering Task Force () and European internet registry overseer pushed back against a , which the internet pioneers considered antithetical to the network’s distributed ethos. The most powerful manifestation of the splinternet is China’s Great Firewall, an internet monitoring and control system the country uses to block companies like US social networks or content like . 

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 Now, however, some restrictions are coming from liberal democracies like the EU. However well intentioned, every regional change adds new complexity, cost and usage barriers to the internet. Different countries, different internet rules As with many industries, governmental restrictions vary around the world. Europe and California created their own privacy laws; China imposes top-down government censorship; such as TikTok, WeChat and Weibo; former President Donald Trump and WeChat; and from Google’s and Apple’s app stores. 

War in the internet era

 Russia’s war in Ukraine is changing the rules again thanks to government actions and corporate policies against . After Russia’s invasion, the European Union’s effort to “ in the EU“ meant Facebook, Microsoft and TikTok , notably RT and Sputnik. The moves came after similar though smaller actions had been taken. For example, and for some users, and on Russian state channels. Google’s YouTube also reportedly and reduced the likelihood their videos would be recommended. Russian law requires larger streaming video services to carry state-run media, although because of the Ukrainian invasion, according to The Wall Street Journal. US sanctions for some Russian bank customers. Mykhailo Fedorov, Ukraine’s vice prime minister, wants more. On Feb. 25, the day after Russia invaded Ukraine, he called on Apple CEO Tim Cook to and to block Russians from using its app store. „Modern technology is perhaps the best answer to the tanks, multiple rocket launchers … and missiles,“ he tweeted, and . Internet fragmentation at the deeper level The internet’s plumbing is key to its global nature. Two technology standards, (the Domain Name System) and (the Border Gateway Protocol), control how phones, PCs, servers and network equipment communicate. DNS governs translation of human-readable names into the numeric Internet Protocol addresses actually used to route data, for example turning wikipedia.org into 208.80.154.224. BGP lets one network broadcast the names of the others it’s connected to. A vivid illustration of their power occurred last year when a configuration error involving DNS and BGP . DNS and BGP also figure into Russia’s internet sovereignty law, through which the government controls on offer a tool to hamper Facebook, VPNs or other services. Some people would like to use internet standards to target Russia. That includes seeking to , Rolling Stone reported. Such a move would be difficult, since the internet is designed to route around severed links and networks aren’t defined geographically, the Internet Society’s Sullivan says. Experts , in part because it would mean ordinary Russians would only have the state as a source of information about the Ukrainian invasion. „Access to the Internet … should never be weaponized,“ , leader of economics analysis firm . Cutting off Russia from the internet is unlikely to win support from two key organizations that are integral to DNS operations — RIPE and its overseer, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) — judging by . “The means to communicate should not be affected by domestic political disputes, international conflicts or war,“ in a Feb. 28 statement. Remaining neutral means RIPE can be „trusted as authoritative and free from bias or political influence. Failure to adhere to this approach would jeopardize the very model that has been key to the development of the Internet in our service region.“ Fundamentally, hobbling the internet in any location undermines its value to everyone, everywhere, Sullivan argues. „Human society is better because of our ability to connect with people who are very different from us.“ 

 

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September 26, 2022 at 4:10 pm #1730605 Reply

max

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Januar 22, 2023 at 7:09 pm #1835070 Reply

max

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Juli 20, 2023 at 10:59 pm #1982363 Reply

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November 24, 2023 at 6:13 am #2082232 Reply

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